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  <div class="section" id="form-helper">
<h1>Form Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#form-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The Form Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
forms.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#escaping-field-values" id="id2">Escaping field values</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id3">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;form&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="escaping-field-values">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Escaping field values</a><a class="headerlink" href="#escaping-field-values" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>You may need to use HTML and characters such as quotes within your form
elements. In order to do that safely, you&#8217;ll need to use
<a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html"><em>common function</em></a>
<tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></tt>.</p>
<p>Consider the following example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Here is a string containing &quot;quoted&quot; text.&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;myfield&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?php echo </span><span class="si">$string</span><span class="s2">; ?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Since the above string contains a set of quotes, it will cause the form
to break. The <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><tt class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></tt></a> function converts HTML special
characters so that it can be used safely:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;myfield&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?php echo html_escape(</span><span class="si">$string</span><span class="s2">); ?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you use any of the form helper functions listed on this page,
the form values will be automatically escaped, so there is no need
to call this function. Use it only if you are creating your own
form elements.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_open">
<tt class="descname">form_open</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$action = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$hidden = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$action</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Form action/target URI string</li>
<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; HTML attributes</li>
<li><strong>$hidden</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; An array of hidden fields&#8217; definitions</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML form opening tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Creates an opening form tag with a base URL <strong>built from your config preferences</strong>.
It will optionally let you add form attributes and hidden input fields, and
will always add the <cite>accept-charset</cite> attribute based on the charset value in your
config file.</p>
<p>The main benefit of using this tag rather than hard coding your own HTML is that
it permits your site to be more portable in the event your URLs ever change.</p>
<p>Here&#8217;s a simple example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email/send&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above example would create a form that points to your base URL plus the
&#8220;email/send&#8221; URI segments, like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">form</span> <span class="nx">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;post&quot;</span> <span class="nx">accept</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span> <span class="nx">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/index.php/email/send&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><strong>Adding Attributes</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Attributes can be added by passing an associative array to the second
parameter, like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$attributes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;myform&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email/send&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$attributes</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Alternatively, you can specify the second parameter as a string:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email/send&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;class=&quot;email&quot; id=&quot;myform&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above examples would create a form similar to this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">form</span> <span class="nx">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;post&quot;</span> <span class="nx">accept</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span> <span class="nx">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/index.php/email/send&quot;</span> <span class="nx">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;email&quot;</span> <span class="nx">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;myform&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>Adding Hidden Input Fields</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Hidden fields can be added by passing an associative array to the
third parameter, like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$hidden</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Joe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;member_id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;234&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email/send&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$hidden</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can skip the second parameter by passing any falsy value to it.</p>
<p>The above example would create a form similar to this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">form</span> <span class="nx">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;post&quot;</span> <span class="nx">accept</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span> <span class="nx">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/index.php/email/send&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
        <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;hidden&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;username&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Joe&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
        <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;hidden&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;member_id&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;234&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_open_multipart">
<tt class="descname">form_open_multipart</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$action = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$hidden = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_open_multipart" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$action</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Form action/target URI string</li>
<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; HTML attributes</li>
<li><strong>$hidden</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; An array of hidden fields&#8217; definitions</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML multipart form opening tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function is absolutely identical to <a class="reference internal" href="#form_open" title="form_open"><tt class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_open()</span></tt></a> above,
except that it adds a <em>multipart</em> attribute, which is necessary if you
would like to use the form to upload files with.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_hidden">
<tt class="descname">form_hidden</tt><big>(</big><em>$name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_hidden" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field name</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field value</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML hidden input field tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you generate hidden input fields. You can either submit a
name/value string to create one field:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">form_hidden</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;johndoe&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;username&quot; value=&quot;johndoe&quot; /&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>... or you can submit an associative array to create multiple fields:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;John Doe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;john@example.com&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_hidden</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="cm">/*</span>
<span class="cm">        Would produce:</span>
<span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;name&quot; value=&quot;John Doe&quot; /&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;email&quot; value=&quot;john@example.com&quot; /&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;url&quot; value=&quot;http://example.com&quot; /&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">*/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also pass an associative array to the value field:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;John Doe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;john@example.com&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_hidden</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_array&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="cm">/*</span>
<span class="cm">        Would produce:</span>

<span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;my_array[name]&quot; value=&quot;John Doe&quot; /&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;my_array[email]&quot; value=&quot;john@example.com&quot; /&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;my_array[url]&quot; value=&quot;http://example.com&quot; /&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">*/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you want to create hidden input fields with extra attributes:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;type&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;hidden&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span>    <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;hiddenemail&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;john@example.com&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;hiddenemail&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="cm">/*</span>
<span class="cm">        Would produce:</span>

<span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;email&quot; value=&quot;john@example.com&quot; id=&quot;hiddenemail&quot; class=&quot;hiddenemail&quot; /&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">*/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_input">
<tt class="descname">form_input</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; Field attributes data</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field value</li>
<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML text input field tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you generate a standard text input field. You can minimally pass
the field name and value in the first and second parameter:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;johndoe&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Or you can pass an associative array containing any data you wish your
form to contain:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span>          <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span>            <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span>         <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;johndoe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;maxlength&#39;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;100&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;size&#39;</span>          <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;50&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;style&#39;</span>         <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;width:50%&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="cm">/*</span>
<span class="cm">        Would produce:</span>

<span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;username&quot; value=&quot;johndoe&quot; id=&quot;username&quot; maxlength=&quot;100&quot; size=&quot;50&quot; style=&quot;width:50%&quot;  /&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">*/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you would like your form to contain some additional data, like
JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the third parameter:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;onClick=&quot;some_function()&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;johndoe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Or you can pass it as an array:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;onClick&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;some_function();&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;johndoe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_password">
<tt class="descname">form_password</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_password" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; Field attributes data</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field value</li>
<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML password input field tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <a class="reference internal" href="#form_input" title="form_input"><tt class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_input()</span></tt></a>
function above except that it uses the &#8220;password&#8221; input type.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_upload">
<tt class="descname">form_upload</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_upload" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; Field attributes data</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field value</li>
<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML file upload input field tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <a class="reference internal" href="#form_input" title="form_input"><tt class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_input()</span></tt></a>
function above except that it uses the &#8220;file&#8221; input type, allowing it to
be used to upload files.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_textarea">
<tt class="descname">form_textarea</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_textarea" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; Field attributes data</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field value</li>
<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML textarea tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <a class="reference internal" href="#form_input" title="form_input"><tt class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_input()</span></tt></a>
function above except that it generates a &#8220;textarea&#8221; type.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Instead of the <em>maxlength</em> and <em>size</em> attributes in the above example,
you will instead specify <em>rows</em> and <em>cols</em>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_dropdown">
<tt class="descname">form_dropdown</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$name = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$options = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$selected = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_dropdown" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field name</li>
<li><strong>$options</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; An associative array of options to be listed</li>
<li><strong>$selected</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; List of fields to mark with the <em>selected</em> attribute</li>
<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML dropdown select field tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you create a standard drop-down field. The first parameter will
contain the name of the field, the second parameter will contain an
associative array of options, and the third parameter will contain the
value you wish to be selected. You can also pass an array of multiple
items through the third parameter, and CodeIgniter will create a
multiple select for you.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$options</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;small&#39;</span>         <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Small Shirt&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;med&#39;</span>           <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Medium Shirt&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;large&#39;</span>         <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Large Shirt&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;xlarge&#39;</span>        <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Extra Large Shirt&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">);</span>

<span class="nv">$shirts_on_sale</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;small&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;large&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_dropdown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;shirts&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$options</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;large&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="cm">/*</span>
<span class="cm">        Would produce:</span>

<span class="cm">        &lt;select name=&quot;shirts&quot;&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">                &lt;option value=&quot;small&quot;&gt;Small Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">                &lt;option value=&quot;med&quot;&gt;Medium  Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">                &lt;option value=&quot;large&quot; selected=&quot;selected&quot;&gt;Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">                &lt;option value=&quot;xlarge&quot;&gt;Extra Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">        &lt;/select&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">*/</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_dropdown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;shirts&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$options</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$shirts_on_sale</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="cm">/*</span>
<span class="cm">        Would produce:</span>

<span class="cm">        &lt;select name=&quot;shirts&quot; multiple=&quot;multiple&quot;&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">                &lt;option value=&quot;small&quot; selected=&quot;selected&quot;&gt;Small Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">                &lt;option value=&quot;med&quot;&gt;Medium  Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">                &lt;option value=&quot;large&quot; selected=&quot;selected&quot;&gt;Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">                &lt;option value=&quot;xlarge&quot;&gt;Extra Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">        &lt;/select&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">*/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you would like the opening &lt;select&gt; to contain additional data, like
an id attribute or JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the fourth
parameter:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;id=&quot;shirts&quot; onChange=&quot;some_function();&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_dropdown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;shirts&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$options</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;large&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Or you can pass it as an array:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span>       <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;shirts&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;onChange&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;some_function();&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_dropdown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;shirts&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$options</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;large&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the array passed as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$options</span></tt> is a multidimensional array, then
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_dropdown()</span></tt> will produce an &lt;optgroup&gt; with the array key as the
label.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_multiselect">
<tt class="descname">form_multiselect</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$name = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$options = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$selected = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_multiselect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field name</li>
<li><strong>$options</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; An associative array of options to be listed</li>
<li><strong>$selected</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; List of fields to mark with the <em>selected</em> attribute</li>
<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML dropdown multiselect field tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you create a standard multiselect field. The first parameter will
contain the name of the field, the second parameter will contain an
associative array of options, and the third parameter will contain the
value or values you wish to be selected.</p>
<p>The parameter usage is identical to using <a class="reference internal" href="#form_dropdown" title="form_dropdown"><tt class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_dropdown()</span></tt></a> above,
except of course that the name of the field will need to use POST array
syntax, e.g. foo[].</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_fieldset">
<tt class="descname">form_fieldset</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$legend_text = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_fieldset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$legend_text</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Text to put in the &lt;legend&gt; tag</li>
<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; Attributes to be set on the &lt;fieldset&gt; tag</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML fieldset opening tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you generate fieldset/legend fields.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_fieldset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Address Information&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;p&gt;fieldset content here&lt;/p&gt;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_fieldset_close</span><span class="p">();</span>

<span class="cm">/*</span>
<span class="cm">        Produces:</span>

<span class="cm">                &lt;fieldset&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">                        &lt;legend&gt;Address Information&lt;/legend&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">                                &lt;p&gt;form content here&lt;/p&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">                &lt;/fieldset&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">*/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Similar to other functions, you can submit an associative array in the
second parameter if you prefer to set additional attributes:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$attributes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span>    <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;address_info&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;address_info&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_fieldset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Address Information&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$attributes</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;p&gt;fieldset content here&lt;/p&gt;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_fieldset_close</span><span class="p">();</span>

<span class="cm">/*</span>
<span class="cm">        Produces:</span>

<span class="cm">        &lt;fieldset id=&quot;address_info&quot; class=&quot;address_info&quot;&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">                &lt;legend&gt;Address Information&lt;/legend&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">                &lt;p&gt;form content here&lt;/p&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">        &lt;/fieldset&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">*/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_fieldset_close">
<tt class="descname">form_fieldset_close</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_fieldset_close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Anything to append after the closing tag, <em>as is</em></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML fieldset closing tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Produces a closing &lt;/fieldset&gt; tag. The only advantage to using this
function is it permits you to pass data to it which will be added below
the tag. For example</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_fieldset_close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;/fieldset&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_checkbox">
<tt class="descname">form_checkbox</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$checked = FALSE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_checkbox" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; Field attributes data</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field value</li>
<li><strong>$checked</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to mark the checkbox as being <em>checked</em></li>
<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML checkbox input tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you generate a checkbox field. Simple example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_checkbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;newsletter&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;accept&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Would produce:  &lt;input type=&quot;checkbox&quot; name=&quot;newsletter&quot; value=&quot;accept&quot; checked=&quot;checked&quot; /&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The third parameter contains a boolean TRUE/FALSE to determine whether
the box should be checked or not.</p>
<p>Similar to the other form functions in this helper, you can also pass an
array of attributes to the function:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span>          <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;newsletter&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span>            <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;newsletter&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span>         <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;accept&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;checked&#39;</span>       <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;style&#39;</span>         <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;margin:10px&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_checkbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;input type=&quot;checkbox&quot; name=&quot;newsletter&quot; id=&quot;newsletter&quot; value=&quot;accept&quot; checked=&quot;checked&quot; style=&quot;margin:10px&quot; /&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Also as with other functions, if you would like the tag to contain
additional data like JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the
fourth parameter:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;onClick=&quot;some_function()&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_checkbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;newsletter&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;accept&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Or you can pass it as an array:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;onClick&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;some_function();&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_checkbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;newsletter&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;accept&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_radio">
<tt class="descname">form_radio</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$checked = FALSE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_radio" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; Field attributes data</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field value</li>
<li><strong>$checked</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to mark the radio button as being <em>checked</em></li>
<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML radio input tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <a class="reference internal" href="#form_checkbox" title="form_checkbox"><tt class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_checkbox()</span></tt></a>
function above except that it uses the &#8220;radio&#8221; input type.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_label">
<tt class="descname">form_label</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$label_text = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$id = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_label" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$label_text</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Text to put in the &lt;label&gt; tag</li>
<li><strong>$id</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; ID of the form element that we&#8217;re making a label for</li>
<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; HTML attributes</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML field label tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you generate a &lt;label&gt;. Simple example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;What is your Name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Would produce:  &lt;label for=&quot;username&quot;&gt;What is your Name&lt;/label&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Similar to other functions, you can submit an associative array in the
third parameter if you prefer to set additional attributes.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$attributes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mycustomclass&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;style&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;color: #000;&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;What is your Name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$attributes</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Would produce:  &lt;label for=&quot;username&quot; class=&quot;mycustomclass&quot; style=&quot;color: #000;&quot;&gt;What is your Name&lt;/label&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_submit">
<tt class="descname">form_submit</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_submit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Button name</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Button value</li>
<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML input submit tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you generate a standard submit button. Simple example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_submit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;mysubmit&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Submit Post!&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Would produce:  &lt;input type=&quot;submit&quot; name=&quot;mysubmit&quot; value=&quot;Submit Post!&quot; /&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Similar to other functions, you can submit an associative array in the
first parameter if you prefer to set your own attributes. The third
parameter lets you add extra data to your form, like JavaScript.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_reset">
<tt class="descname">form_reset</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_reset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Button name</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Button value</li>
<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML input reset button tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you generate a standard reset button. Use is identical to
<tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_submit()</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_button">
<tt class="descname">form_button</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$content = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_button" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Button name</li>
<li><strong>$content</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Button label</li>
<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML button tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you generate a standard button element. You can minimally pass the
button name and content in the first and second parameter:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;button name=&quot;name&quot; type=&quot;button&quot;&gt;Content&lt;/button&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Or you can pass an associative array containing any data you wish your
form to contain:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span>          <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;button&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span>            <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;button&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span>         <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;true&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;type&#39;</span>          <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;reset&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span>       <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Reset&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;button name=&quot;button&quot; id=&quot;button&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; type=&quot;reset&quot;&gt;Reset&lt;/button&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you would like your form to contain some additional data, like
JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the third parameter:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;onClick=&quot;some_function()&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;mybutton&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Click Me&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_close">
<tt class="descname">form_close</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Anything to append after the closing tag, <em>as is</em></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML form closing tag</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Produces a closing &lt;/form&gt; tag. The only advantage to using this
function is it permits you to pass data to it which will be added below
the tag. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Would produce:  &lt;/form&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="set_value">
<tt class="descname">set_value</tt><big>(</big><em>$field</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$html_escape = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#set_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$field</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field name</li>
<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Default value</li>
<li><strong>$html_escape</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to turn off HTML escaping of the value</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Field value</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to set the value of an input form or textarea. You must
supply the field name via the first parameter of the function. The
second (optional) parameter allows you to set a default value for the
form. The third (optional) parameter allows you to turn off HTML escaping
of the value, in case you need to use this function in combination with
i.e. <a class="reference internal" href="#form_input" title="form_input"><tt class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_input()</span></tt></a> and avoid double-escaping.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;quantity&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?php echo set_value(&#39;quantity&#39;, &#39;0&#39;); ?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="nx">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;50&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above form will show &#8220;0&#8221; when loaded for the first time.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you&#8217;ve loaded the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><em>Form Validation Library</em></a> and
have set a validation rule for the field name in use with this helper, then it will
forward the call to the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><em>Form Validation Library</em></a>&#8216;s
own <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_value()</span></tt> method. Otherwise, this function looks in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_POST</span></tt> for the
field value.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="set_select">
<tt class="descname">set_select</tt><big>(</big><em>$field</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#set_select" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$field</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field name</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Value to check for</li>
<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Whether the value is also a default one</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">&#8216;selected&#8217; attribute or an empty string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>If you use a &lt;select&gt; menu, this function permits you to display the
menu item that was selected.</p>
<p>The first parameter must contain the name of the select menu, the second
parameter must contain the value of each item, and the third (optional)
parameter lets you set an item as the default (use boolean TRUE/FALSE).</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">select</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;myselect&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
        <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">option</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;one&quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span>  <span class="nx">set_select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myselect&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;one&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> &gt;One<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span> <span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span>  <span class="nx">set_select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myselect&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;two&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> <span class="nt">&gt;</span>Two<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
        <span class="nt">&lt;option</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">&quot;three&quot;</span> <span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span>  <span class="nx">set_select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myselect&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;three&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> <span class="nt">&gt;</span>Three<span class="nt">&lt;/option&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/select&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="set_checkbox">
<tt class="descname">set_checkbox</tt><big>(</big><em>$field</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#set_checkbox" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$field</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field name</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Value to check for</li>
<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Whether the value is also a default one</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">&#8216;checked&#8217; attribute or an empty string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to display a checkbox in the state it was submitted.</p>
<p>The first parameter must contain the name of the checkbox, the second
parameter must contain its value, and the third (optional) parameter
lets you set an item as the default (use boolean TRUE/FALSE).</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;checkbox&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;mycheck&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;1&quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_checkbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;mycheck&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> /&gt;
<span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">&quot;checkbox&quot;</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">&quot;mycheck&quot;</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">&quot;2&quot;</span> <span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_checkbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;mycheck&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="set_radio">
<tt class="descname">set_radio</tt><big>(</big><em>$field</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#set_radio" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$field</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field name</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Value to check for</li>
<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Whether the value is also a default one</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">&#8216;checked&#8217; attribute or an empty string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to display radio buttons in the state they were submitted.
This function is identical to the <a class="reference internal" href="#set_checkbox" title="set_checkbox"><tt class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_checkbox()</span></tt></a> function above.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;radio&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;myradio&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;1&quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span>  <span class="nx">set_radio</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myradio&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> /&gt;
<span class="nt">&lt;input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">&quot;radio&quot;</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">&quot;myradio&quot;</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">&quot;2&quot;</span> <span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span>  <span class="nx">set_radio</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myradio&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you are using the Form Validation class, you must always specify
a rule for your field, even if empty, in order for the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_*()</span></tt>
functions to work. This is because if a Form Validation object is
defined, the control for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_*()</span></tt> is handed over to a method of the
class instead of the generic helper function.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_error">
<tt class="descname">form_error</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$field = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$prefix = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$suffix = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$field</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Field name</li>
<li><strong>$prefix</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Error opening tag</li>
<li><strong>$suffix</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Error closing tag</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML-formatted form validation error message(s)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns a validation error message from the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><em>Form Validation Library</em></a>, associated with the specified field name.
You can optionally specify opening and closing tag(s) to put around the error
message.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c1">// Assuming that the &#39;username&#39; field value was incorrect:</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myfield&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;div class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/div&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;div class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Error message associated with the &quot;username&quot; field.&lt;/div&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="validation_errors">
<tt class="descname">validation_errors</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$prefix = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$suffix = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#validation_errors" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$prefix</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Error opening tag</li>
<li><strong>$suffix</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Error closing tag</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML-formatted form validation error message(s)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Similarly to the <a class="reference internal" href="#form_error" title="form_error"><tt class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_error()</span></tt></a> function, returns all validation
error messages produced by the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><em>Form Validation Library</em></a>, with optional opening and closing tags
around each of the messages.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">validation_errors</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="cm">/*</span>
<span class="cm">        Would produce, e.g.:</span>

<span class="cm">        &lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;The &quot;email&quot; field doesn&#39;t contain a valid e-mail address!&lt;/span&gt;</span>
<span class="cm">        &lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;The &quot;password&quot; field doesn&#39;t match the &quot;repeat_password&quot; field!&lt;/span&gt;</span>

<span class="cm"> */</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="form_prep">
<tt class="descname">form_prep</tt><big>(</big><em>$str</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#form_prep" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Value to escape</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Escaped value</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Allows you to safely use HTML and characters such as quotes within form
elements without breaking out of the form.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you use any of the form helper functions listed in this page the form
values will be prepped automatically, so there is no need to call this
function. Use it only if you are creating your own form elements.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED and is just an alias for
<a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html"><em>common function</em></a>
<tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></tt> - please use that instead.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

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